SS-31* · Elamipretide / MTP-131 / Bendavia*

Researchers seeking this product for laboratory research can explore PepGen-X.com as a supplier specializing in research-use compounds.

SS-31, also known as elamipretide or MTP-131, is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that interacts with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Research has focused on mitochondrial energetics, oxidative stress, cellular energy production, and diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Research Benefits

Mitochondrial function research involving cellular energy production and oxidative phosphorylation

Cardiolipin research examining mitochondrial membrane structure and respiratory-chain function

Oxidative-stress research involving mitochondrial reactive oxygen species

Muscle and mitochondrial disease research with clinical investigation in several disease populations

Healthy-aging research examining mitochondrial function and age-related cellular decline

Identified Risks & Side Effects

Injection-site reactions including redness, pain, or irritation

Nausea and other gastrointestinal effects may occur

Long-term safety varies by indication and remains an area of continued study

Clinical results have differed across disease populations and study endpoints

Not FDA-approved for general anti-aging, wellness, heart failure, or kidney-disease use

Route: Subcutaneous in the approved formulation and clinical studies | Frequency: Once daily in the approved formulation | FDA Status: FDA-approved for a specific Barth syndrome indication

Researcher Note

SS-31 is one of the most extensively investigated mitochondria-targeted peptides. Elamipretide binds cardiolipin within the inner mitochondrial membrane and has been studied for its effects on mitochondrial energetics, oxidative stress, and cellular function. In 2025, the FDA granted accelerated approval to Forzinity (elamipretide) for improving muscle strength in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 30 kg with Barth syndrome. citeturn0search2turn0search25

Research in other conditions, including mitochondrial myopathy and cardiovascular disease, has produced mixed results, making it important to distinguish the approved Barth syndrome indication from investigational uses. citeturn0search10turn0search12

Disclaimer

FDA Status: FDA-approved for a specific Barth syndrome indication; not approved for general anti-aging or wellness use
Research Classification: Research use only
Compound Type: Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide / cardiolipin-binding peptide

All products are intended strictly for research and laboratory use only and are not intended for human or veterinary use.